HIV and Alcohol & Drugs

Chemsex

Alcohol

Meth (P)

Methamphetamine, also known as P, Pure, Crystal Meth, Ice or Crack, is one of a family of drugs called amphetamines, which act as central nervous system stimulants. They speed up the messages to and from the brain – earning them the street name ‘speed’. The pharmaceutical name for amphetamine is Dexamphetamine, which is commonly prescribed to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and narcolepsy, and is an ingredient in some diet pills.

Methamphetamine is one of the most common forms of illicit amphetamines in New Zealand. It is powerful and highly addictive.

Legal Status

Methamphetamine has been the focus of considerable public attention over the last decade. Due to its potential to harm individual users and society methamphetamine is a Class A controlled substance under the Misuse of Drugs Act 1975, meaning it attracts the highest penalties for manufacture, trafficking, sale and use.

In addition, possession of the substances used to make it also attracts significant penalties. People caught importing drugs used to make methamphetamine, such as pseudoephedrine, without a license can face prison sentences.

Manufacturing, importing and possession for supply, or dealing of methamphetamine can attract a maximum sentence of life in jail. Possession of five grams of methamphetamine is enough to lead to a conviction of possession for supply.

Possessing a pipe or utensil for smoking methamphetamine is an offence that can attract one year imprisonment and a fine of up to $1000. It is illegal to import pipes used for the smoking of methamphetamine, with offenders facing a three month prison term and up to $1000 fine. In the case of a body corporate (commercial organisation), the fine increases to a maximum of $5000.

Appearance

Methamphetamine can be bought as a pill, as a powder to be snorted through the nose or injected, or in a crystal form – ice – which is smoked in a pipe.

Effects

Methamphetamine brings on a rapid feeling of exhilaration, a perceived sharpening of focus and heightened sexual desire.

Smoking crystals of methamphetamine causes a rise in body temperature, an increased heart rate and rapid breathing.

Paranoia, short-term memory loss, rages and mood swings have been recorded.

There is anecdotal evidence that use of methamphetamine can cause people to become ill because of HIV more quickly than they would have otherwise, to take more time to recover from infections, and to respond less well to HIV treatment. However, some people believe that this has a lot to do with users of the drug not taking their HIV treatment and other medication properly.

Rapid falls in CD4 cell counts have been observed in methamphetamine users. However, as many users of methamphetamine have difficulty sleeping and/or eating properly, there may be lifestyle factors involved in the quicker disease progression noted in some users.

Psychological dependence on the drug has also been reported, although it does not seem to cause physical addiction.

Taking large amounts of the drug can cause convulsions, problems with blood circulation, inability to breathe, coma and death. However, deaths have also been reported in people who have taken only small doses.

In the US, concerns have been raised about a link between the use of methamphetamine by gay men and unprotected sex, particularly when used in conjunction with drugs to treat erectile dysfunction, such as Viagra and Cialis.

Interactions with anti-HIV drugs

It has been reported that the protease inhibitor, ritonavir, increases levels of methamphetamine to possibly dangerous levels. Methamphetamine is metabolised by the body using the same mechanism as ritonavir. Doctors believe that inhaling poppers may make the interaction worse.

Other issues

The use of any drug can interfere with normal sleeping patterns, affect appetite and interrupt routines. Some people have found that this is particularly the case with methamphetamine, and if you are using the drug, it makes sense to consider how it might affect your adherence to your HIV medication. The drug has also been linked with an increased likelihood of having unprotected sex, so plan how you’re going to manage this.

If you are worried about your use of methamphetamine or any other drug, then talk to a member of your healthcare team, who may be able to offer practical advice or refer you to somebody who can offer specialist advice and support.

The above information sourced and edited for New Zealand form contained on www.aidsmap.com
It is intended to support, rather than replace, consultation with a healthcare professional. Please talk to your doctor or another member of your HIV specialist for advice tailored to your situation.

If you find that you can not control your use of alcohol or other drugs, would like to cut back or stop or would like any other support in this area, Body Positive may be able to help.

To talk to us about getting help, please contact us on 0800 HIV LINE

The NZ Drug Foundation has resources on being safer when using alcohol or drugs. They have also released The Level as a straight up guide for people who use drugs.

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